Monday, Sep 06, 2010

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Achieving 25x'25 Goals for Energy Independent Communities: Results from the 2009 Pilot Program
Published: 2010 | report number: 252-1
Ten Wisconsin communities have completed plans for meeting 25 percent of their energy usage from renewable sources by 2025.

Biomass Resource Assessment for Farmers Cooperative Supply and Shipping Association
Published: 2010 | report number: 251-1
With assistance from the Cooperative Network, the Energy Center presents a resource assessment of woody biomass in an area surrounding West Salem, Wisconsin. The report examines primary residues including forest harvest residues, maintenance cuttings, other removals, low-value pulpwood, and mill residues.

Electricity Savings Opportunities for Home Electronics and Other Plug-In Devices in Minnesota Homes: A Technical and Behavioral Field Assessment
Published: 2010 | report number: 257-1
This report summarizes an investigation of electricity savings opportunities in Minnesota homes related to home electronics and other plug-in devices.

For datasets and other resources, please visit www.ecw.org/plugload.

Focus on Energy: PowerCost Monitor Study
Published: 2010 | report number: 253-1
If consumers are given immediate feedback on their electricity consumption, will they make changes that reduce their consumption? That was the primary question the Energy Center of Wisconsin sought to answer for Focus on Energy through a study of the PowerCost Monitor™ feedback device.

Evaluation of the Market Impact of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides
Published: 2010 | report number: 250-1
This analysis, conducted on behalf of ASHRAE, focuses on the guides for small office buildings, small retail buildings, K-12 schools, and small warehouse/self storage facilities.

Also see the presentation of final results.

Dehumidification and Subslab Ventilation in Wisconsin Homes
Published: 2010 | report number: 258-1
Does subslab ventilation (Active Soil Depressurization) reduce basement humidity loads and what is the impact on electric loads? These were the two questions Energy Center researchers tried to answer through this field study.

A Review and Analysis of Existing Studies of the Energy Efficiency Resource Potential in the Midwest
Published: 2009 | report number: 247-1
A Policy White Paper in Support of the Midwestern Governors Association Energy and Climate Change Platform.

Have recent studies of energy efficiency potential in the Midwest underestimated our efficiency resource? This paper reviews the results from energy efficiency potential studies conducted in the Midwest since 2001 and analyzes them against our changing energy policy landscape.

Ten-year Update: Emissions and Economic Analysis of Geothermal Heat Pumps in Wisconsin
Published: 2009 | report number: 249-1
This analysis determines the cost-effectiveness and environmental impact of geothermal heat pump systems. We used building models to compare geothermal systems with conventional systems in otherwise identical buildings. This study is an update of the study completed in 2000: Emissions and Economic Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pumps in Wisconsin.

Energy Efficiency and Customer-Sited Renewable Resource Potential in Wisconsin for the Years 2012 and 2018
Published: 2009
Technical and policy analysis to determine the amount of energy use that can be displaced through efficiency programs and other initiatives. Prepared on behalf of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin to inform program goals, priorities and funding levels.

Accompanied by:

Wisconsin Agricultural Biogas Casebook
Published: 2009
The second edition of the Wisconsin Agricultural Biogas Casebook provides brief case studies of 21 farms with operating anaerobic digester systems in Wisconsin as of fall 2009. The casebook offers insights into how these systems are working and shares comments from system owners.

Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Potential for Iowa Municipal Utilities for the Years 2012 and 2018
Published: 2009 | report number: 245-1
By 2012 Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities members could save 58.5 gigawatt hours (GWh) of electric energy per year, reduce peak electric demand by 14.5 megawatts (MW), and save 869,000 therms of natural gas/propane per year through cost-effective energy efficiency initiatives. These are the findings of a study conducted by the Energy Center for IAMU to determine the annual energy savings possible from energy efficiency and demand response programs.

Accompanied by Appendices.

Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Potential for Iowa Municipal Utilities for the Years 2012 and 2018 (Appendices)
Published: 2009
Appendices to report the main report (245-1).

Indiana Electric DSM Investigation: Phase II Report
Published: 2009 | report number: 246-1
During Phase I of the proceeding, completed in mid-2008, the Energy Center prepared a report assessing the status of current demand-side management activities in the state. During Phase II of the proceeding, the Energy Center facilitated three technical workshops to obtain input from Indiana utilities, consumer advocates, and other stakeholders. The Energy Center synthesized findings from this stakeholder process in a report with recommendations for promoting a more consistent, statewide approach to electric DSM in Indiana.

The IURC's order is based on a review of the recommendations in the Energy Center's report and testimony filed by parties to the proceeding. The order establishes a path for improving existing DSM approaches in Indiana through the following mechanisms:

Establishing annual energy savings goals for Indiana utilities, with increasing levels of savings required through 2019.
Requiring that DSM offerings be available for all customer classes and market segments.
Defining a set of core programs that must be jointly offered by all utilities on a consistent statewide basis, including incentives for ENERGY STAR qualified lighting, low income weatherization assistance, home energy audits, energy efficiency initiatives for K-12 schools, and prescriptive rebates for common energy efficiency technologies in commercial and industrial applications.

Woody Biomass Resource Assessment for Presque Isle Power Plant—Final Report 2008
Published: 2008 | report number: 242-1
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential supply of biomass suitable for use as fuel at the We Energies Presque Isle Power Plant. This study is part of a preliminary investigation into the possibility of converting the No. 4 boiler at Presque Isle from coal to wood fuel. (Joe Kramer and Sean Weitner, co-authors)

Wisconsin Agricultural Biogas Casebook (2008)
Published: 2008
This report gives a snapshot with some history of the 17 operating anaerobic digester systems in Wisconsin as of June 2008. This information is presented to give those interested in digesters some insight into how these systems are working in Wisconsin. In addition, digester owners have generously shared experiences, ideas and innovations that may prove invaluable to those evaluating similar options for their farms.

Campus Energy Independence: University of Wisconsin River Falls
Published: 2008 | report number: 255-1
In 2006, UW-River Falls was selected as one of four Wisconsin college campuses to participate in a pilot program to achieve energy independence by 2012. The Energy Center identified and analyzed the options for UW-River Falls to achieve this goal.

A Field Study of Exterior Duct Leakage in New Wisconsin Homes
Published: 2008 | report number: 243-1
This report summarizes a field study of exterior duct leakage in 19 new Wisconsin homes. The goals of the study were to quantify duct leakage in homes with exterior duct runs and to compare several methods for assessing duct leakage.

Central Air Conditioning in Wisconsin: A Compilation of Recent Field Research
Published: 2008 | report number: 241-1
Central air conditioning is an important and fast-growing electrical load among Wisconsin households. This report compiles key findings from several recent research efforts to better understand the nature of central air conditioning electricity use in Wisconsin and explore the opportunities for improving the efficiency of this end-use.

Assessment of Biomass Resources for Energy Generation at Xcel Energy's Bay Front Generating Station in Ashland, Wisconsin
Published: 2007 | report number: 240-1
The purpose of this study is to identify potential sources of wood waste suitable for combustion at the Bay Front generating plant in Ashland, Wisconsin. Bay Front is a steam electric generating plant owned and operated by Northern States Power Company, a Wisconsin corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Xcel Energy, Inc. (d/b/a/ Xcel Energy).

Indiana DSM Investigation: Report on Current Programs and Future Directions (Phase I)
Published: 2007

The Energy Center of Wisconsin is supporting the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission's ongoing investigation into electric demand-side management (DSM) activities in the state (Cause 42693). During Phase I of the proceeding, completed in mid-2008, the Energy Center prepared a report assessing the status of current DSM activities in the state. The objective of Phase II, currently ongoing, is to develop a path for improving existing DSM approaches in Indiana. As part of this effort, the Energy Center facilitated three technical workshops to obtain input from Indiana utilities, consumer advocates, and other stakeholders.

Following the third workshop, the Energy Center synthesized the technical workshop findings into a final report. These findings support the following actions:

Establishing a set of overarching policy objectives to shape the direction of electric DSM initiatives in Indiana.
Ensuring that DSM offerings are available to all customer classes and market segments.
Establishing utility-specific DSM goals, as well as a clear process and consistent guidelines for how such goals should be determined, and how progress toward goals should be measured.

Parties in the proceeding will file testimony and rebuttals in the summer of 2009. The Commission is expected to issue its Order later in the year.

Wisconsin's Biobased Industry: Opportunities and Advantages Study (Volume 3: Policy Recommendations)
Published: 2006 | report number: 239-1

In order for Wisconsin to succeed in developing a robust bioeconomy, the state must take proactive measures to organize its existing strengths, build up its existing infrastructure and open the door to new entrepreneurship efforts and ideas.

In this paper, we recommend a series of policy actions the state can take, ranging from policies to build a market for existing bioindustry products (such as ethanol and biogas) to policies that organize the state's public and private institutions to best take advantage of new and innovative research opportunities.

IGCC Bibliography
Published: 2006
This bibliography includes document summaries gathered for the coal-fueled integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) project.

IGCC Newspaper Articles Report
Published: 2006
Includes newspaper article summaries gathered for the IGCC project.

IGCC State Incentives Report
Published: 2006
Describes state incentive programs across the United States. Compiled as part of the IGCC project.

IGCC Federal Incentives Report
Published: 2006
This brief report lists federal project and programs. Compiled as part of the IGCC project.

IGCC Engineering and Permitting Issues Summaries
Published: 2006
The purpose of this briefing paper is to summarize engineering issues associated with the commercial application of coal-fueled integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems for electricity generation in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin's Biobased Industry: Opportunities and Advantages Study (Volume 2: Technical Analysis Report)
Published: 2006 | report number: 238-1
In order to assess what Wisconsin needs to do today to increase its prominence in the nation's emerging biobased economy, it is critical that we first determine what differentiates Wisconsin from other places pursuing similar bioeconomy strategies.

Biorefining—that is, the manipulation of biomass to create multiple products whose value is higher than that of the raw biomass—presents almost limitless opportunities to create products such as fuel, power, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and durable goods. To limit these opportunities to those most suited to Wisconsin; we chose to filter them through a policy of building on the state's strengths—ultimately addressing two important questions:

Which opportunities is Wisconsin uniquely positioned to exploit?
Which opportunities are likely to bring the greatest improvements to Wisconsin's agriculture and industry and their communities?

Some opportunities for which Wisconsin seems especially well suited are not likely to greatly improve the state's economy, and some opportunities that could greatly improve the state's economy do not favor Wisconsin more than any other state that might also pursue them. This Technical Analysis Report, in conjunction with the Briefing Paper, attempts to answer these two questions and—perhaps more important—to determine where those answers overlap.

Wisconsin's Biobased Industry: Opportunities and Advantages Study (Volume 1: Briefing Paper)
Published: 2006 | report number: 237-1

Across the globe, countries and regions are looking to the "bioeconomy" as the economic development wave of the future. The bioeconomy—an economy based on industries and technologies that turn organic matter ("feedstocks" or "biomass") into energy, fuel, and products such as chemicals or plastics—presents a compelling short-term economic development opportunity because it focuses on turning a region's existing crops and waste streams into higher-value products, rather than on bringing a host of entirely new industries into the region. In the longer term, as new technologies and processes are discovered, the bioeconomy can provide regional opportunities for entrepreneurship, innovation, research and development.

This paper is intended to paint, in broad strokes, the background for the Wisconsin bioeconomy picture. To fill in some of the details, we provide a companion Technical Study dedicated to exploring the specific feedstocks currently grown in Wisconsin, and their potential to anchor various bioindustry processes. Taken together, the Briefing Paper and the Technical Study point toward a key conclusion: in order to create a successful bioeconomy, Wisconsin must not only build on its existing resources and infrastructure, but must also pursue specific policies targeted toward creating an economy that includes a range of rural and urban jobs, entrepreneurship opportunities, ownership opportunities for rural landowners, and economic incentives balanced with environmental protections.

Accomplishing this task will require the state to efficiently organize its existing feedstocks and technologies in the short term, so that the state is fully in step with its neighbors in harnessing current bioindustry opportunities.

In the longer term, Wisconsin must organize its many high-quality institutions—government, academia, business, labor, and community—to provide a strong, robust foundation for research and development into the as-yet-unknown bioindustries of the future. Our third paper, a set of Policy Recommendations, directs the state toward this path.

Energy Efficiency Potential Study at a Glance
Published: 2005
Summarizes the full report: Energy Efficiency and Customer-Sited Renewable Energy: Achievable Potential in Wisconsin 2006-2015.

Energy Efficiency and Customer-Sited Renewable Energy: Achievable Potential in Wisconsin 2006-2015 (Volume 2: Technical Appendix)
Published: 2005 | report number: 236-2
This technical appendix accompanies the main report Volume 1: Study Results.

Energy and Rental Housing: A Wisconsin Characterization Study (Appendices)
Published: 2005 | report number: 232-2
Accompanies the main report 232-1.

Energy and Rental Housing: A Wisconsin Characterization Study
Published: 2005 | report number: 232-1
This study characterizes Wisconsin rental housing in energy-related terms. It is based on a statewide sample of 180 rental properties, ranging from single-family rental homes to large apartment buildings.

The findings are based on detailed on-site audit data that were gathered for each building, along with owner/manager and tenant survey, as well as utility usage history data. While other more limited energy characterizations of Wisconsin rental properties have been conducted in the past, this is the first study with a statewide perspective embracing the full range of rental housing in the state.

Accompanied by the appendices.

Energy Efficiency and Customer-Sited Renewable Energy: Achievable Potential in Wisconsin 2006-2015 (Volume 1: Study Results)
Published: 2005 | report number: 236-1
Technical analysis of options for investment in energy efficiency and customer-sited renewable energy as an alternative to electric generation and natural gas usage prepared on behalf of the Governor's Task Force on Energy Efficiency and Renewables.

Accompanied by Volume 2: Technical Appendix.

For an overview of the study, please see Energy Efficiency Potential Study at a Glance.

Energy Savings from Daylighting: A Controlled Experiment
Published: 2005 | report number: 233-1
Demonstrating actual lighting and HVAC impacts from high performance glazing and daylighting strategies is difficult. While many schools and other buildings have been designed and built using these strategies, attempts to compare energy consumption with standard designs must confront the myriad ways in which any particular building differs from other buildings. This leaves open the question of the extent to which measured differences in energy consumption are due to deliberate design strategies versus other uncontrolled factors such as operation schedules and building orientation.

This report presents the results of an experiment conducted at the Energy Resource Station near Des Moines, Iowa in two sets of identical rooms with independent lighting and HVAC delivery systems.

Appliance Sales Tracking Study 2003
Published: 2004 | report number: 235-1
This Focus on Energy report presents the 2003 results of a biennial residential appliance sales tracking study implemented by the Energy Center of Wisconsin. The report addresses ENERGY STAR awareness, appliance purchase rates, consumer purchase experiences, thermostat fan settings, and energy conservation attitudes. Appliances included in the study are: forced air furnaces, central air conditioners, refrigerators, and clothes washers.

Study of Wind Energy Development in Wisconsin: A Collaborative Report
Published: 2004 | report number: 231-1

This is a collaborative report that explores a variety of impacts. It is structured in three parts, with a total of five segments addressing different aspects of wind energy development.

These segments include case studies of existing Wisconsin wind farms, an analysis of net metering policies, a model of wind farm layout scenarios with an accompanying economic analysis, and a report and discussion of wind turbine impacts on property values.

This report attempts to go beyond the well-trodden ground of environmental impact studies into areas of economic and social impact of wind farm development on rural communities.

NASEO Project: Energy Smart Schools—Applied Research, Field Testing, and Technology Integration
Published: 2004
This collection of research reports is available from the Daylighting Collaborative.

Wisconsin Renewable Energy Market Assessment
Published: 2003 | report number: 229-1
This Focus on Energy report provides an overview of how consumers make decisions about installing renewable energy systems, including motivation, competing options, information sources, barriers, and customer need for the Focus on Energy program. Also provides estimates of installation rates for photovoltaics, wind, anaerobic digestion, and thermal hot water systems.

Energy Investment Decisions in Wisconsin Industry: Results from In-Depth Interviews with Management Decision-Makers
Published: 2003 | report number: 220-1
Analyzes views of industry management on energy use and costs, energy investments, and energy efficiency as related to production. Based on 59 in-depth interviews with management decision-makers at 46 businesses in Wisconsin.

Training Needs Assessment for High Performance Commercial Buildings: Office and Educational Buildings
Published: 2003 | report number: 224-1
This study investigates several research questions related to high performance building practices in the commercial new construction market. One key component of this study was to understand market actors' interest in training on high performance practices and their preferred training parameters and formats. This information can then be used in the development of a high performance building curriculum being funded by the Department of Energy and developed by the Energy Center of Wisconsin.

Renewable Hydrogen Demonstration and Education Project
Published: 2003 | report number: 215-1
This document reports on a renewable biomass-to-hydrogen energy conversion technology called aqueous phase carbohydrate reforming. It describes the development of a demonstration unit, activities, and materials to train teachers on hydrogen energy.

Performance Monitoring of a Daylit Commercial Building
Published: 2003 | report number: 217-1
Report presents the results of detailed energy use monitoring of the Hoffman Corporation headquarters, a daylit building located in Appleton, Wisconsin. Includes analysis of lighting energy use, chiller energy use, lighting levels and employee satisfaction.

Commercial and Industrial Equipment Supply Chains: An assessment of the food processing industry
Published: 2003 | report number: 228-1
This Focus on Energy report provides in-depth market information on the distributors, manufacturers and designers who supply equipment to the food processing industry and how energy efficiency factors into their activities. It examines how equipment moves through the market, and the attitudes, practices and information sources of the associated market actors.

Commercial and Industrial Equipment Supply Chains: An assessment of the HVAC industry
Published: 2003 | report number: 225-1
Examines the supply side of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment market in Wisconsin. Describes supply chains, product flows, market actors, attitudes and information sources related to energy efficiency in the industrial and commercial sectors.

Commercial and Industrial Equipment Supply Chains: An assessment of the pulp and paper industry
Published: 2003 | report number: 227-1
This Focus on Energy report provides in-depth market information on the distributors, manufacturers and designers who supply equipment to the pulp and paper industry and how energy efficiency factors into their activities. It examines how equipment moves through the market, and the attitudes, practices and information sources of the associated market actors.

Commercial and Industrial Equipment Supply Chains: Industrial boilers, compressed air systems, and pump systems
Published: 2003 | report number: 226-1
This Focus on Energy report provides in-depth market information on the distributors, manufacturers and designers who supply industrial boilers, compressed air systems, and pump systems to various industries. It examines how equipment moves through the market, and the attitudes, practices and information sources of the associated market actors.

Energy Use at Wisconsin's Drinking Water Facilities
Published: 2003 | report number: 222-1
This report sets a baseline for energy use at Wisconsin's drinking water facilities. It also reviews energy saving measures that water utilities use.

Energy-Saving Opportunities for Wastewater Facilities: A Review
Published: 2003 | report number: 221-1
Literature review surveys various means for reducing energy use in wastewater facilities. Covers electric bill, equipment and processes.

Net Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Renewable Energy Storage Systems
Published: 2003 | report number: 223-1
Evaluates life-cycle impacts of three common energy storage technologies--pumped hydro, compressed air, and advanced batteries--when coupled with wind and solar electricity generation.

Field Study of Ventilation in New Wisconsin Homes
Published: 2003 | report number: 216-1
Report examines the effectiveness of various ventilation techniques in two dozen new Wisconsin homes, 18 of which were Wisconsin ENERGY STAR® homes. The study covers bathroom and kitchen fans, central exhaust-only systems, heat recovery ventilators, and incidental ventilation from equipment.

Appendix: Commercial and Industrial Equipment Supply Chains
Published: 2003 | report number: 225-2
Appendix to report number 225-1. Provides detailed results from interviews with people involved in supplying HVAC equipment to industrial and commercial customers.

Copper Plumbing Failures in Southeastern Wisconsin: Impacts on Water Loss and Energy Efficiency (Appendices)
Published: 2003 | report number: 219-2
These appendices accompany the main report 219-1.

Electricity Use by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study
Published: 2003 | report number: 230-1
Field tests and monitoring of 31 new Wisconsin furnaces showed that multi-stage furnaces with electronically commutated blower motors (ECMs) use significantly less electricity than conventional new condensing furnaces, especially when operated in year-round continuous-fan mode.

Electricity Use by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study (Appendices)
Published: 2003 | report number: 230-2
Field tests and monitoring of 31 new Wisconsin furnaces showed that multi-stage furnaces with electronically commutated blower motors (ECMs) use significantly less electricity than conventional new condensing furnaces, especially when operated in year-round continuous-fan mode.

Copper Plumbing Failures in Southeastern Wisconsin: Impacts on Water Loss and Energy Efficiency
Published: 2003 | report number: 219-1

This study surveyed leaks in copper plumbing in 49 ground water and surface water utilities in southeastern Wisconsin. The research investigated the causes of these leaks and assessed potential impact on water loss and energy efficiency.

Appendices are also available: report number 219-2.

Demonstration of Low-Pressure Membrane Technologies on Lake Michigan Water
Published: 2003 | report number: 218-1

This report presents the results of a study of membrane filtration technologies used to filter Lake Michigan water. The study compiled energy performance data on four membrane technologies and compares the best performing one to UV and ozone disinfection.

The following appendices are available as separate files: Appendix B (218-2) and Appendix C (218-3).

Roadmap for Biomass Technologies in the United States
Published: 2002
The purpose of this document is to outline a research and development roadmap and identify public policy measures for promoting and developing environmentally desirable biobased fuels, power and products. This roadmap was created through a collaborative effort of industry associations, the Energy Center of Wisconsin, Focus on Energy and state and federal agencies.

Roadmap for the Wisconsin Municipal Water and Wastewater Industry
Published: 2002
Funded through Focus on Energy, this roadmap addresses four key areas of concern that industry representatives have identified: energy use and supply, aging plants and infrastructure, sustainable water supply, and waste-product reuse. For each area, the roadmap lays out the steps necessary for industry to address the issue.

Tinedale Farms Anaerobic Digestion: A Biomass Energy Project
Published: 2002 | report number: 212-1
This report describes the installation and operation of a manure digestion system at Tinedale Farms in Wrightstown, Wisconsin. The report describes the system, its performance, and economic and environmental impacts.

Optimal Design and Operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems for Small-Scale Stationary Applications
Published: 2002 | report number: 214-1
This PhD thesis describes optimal strategies for designing and operating stationary fuel cell systems. The document also offers suggestions on sizing fuel cell stacks.

Appliance Sales Tracking: 2001 Residential Survey
Published: 2002 | report number: 234-1

What kind of appliances and lighting are Wisconsin residents purchasing? How do appliance purchases compare over time? To answer these questions, the Energy Center of Wisconsin created an ongoing system to track appliance sales.

This 2001 study is the latest in a series of periodic sales tracking studies that quantify residential appliance purchasing patterns in Wisconsin.

The study surveyed 3,000 people, asking them about recent purchases of five major appliances. The study also included questions about purchases of compact fluorescent light bulbs and torchiere lamps. The study included questions about ENERGY STAR® awareness and its influence on energy efficient appliance purchases.

Industrial Energy Efficiency Impacts from Non-Energy Programs: Report Summary
Published: 2002 | report number: 209-R
This document summarizes an evaluation of the Wisconsin Manufacturing Extension Partnership and two collaborations with WMEP. WMEP helps small and medium-sized manufacturers become more energy efficient. The two collaborations were: 1) free energy audits offered by the Energy Center of Wisconsin and 2) Alliant Energy's Shared Savings program, which helps companies initiate energy efficiency projects. You may request the full report from the ECW library: (608) 238-8276 x134.

Industries of the Future Roadmap for the Wisconsin Food Processing Industry
Published: 2002
This document was funded through Focus on Energy. To help carry out projects that will improve industry competitiveness, the Industries of the Future program follows an industry roadmap. The roadmap describes current industry needs, identifies potential solutions and offers guidance for pursuing partnerships.

Industries of the Future Roadmap for the Wisconsin Plastics Industry
Published: 2002
This document was funded through Focus on Energy. To help carry out projects that will improve industry competitiveness, the Industries of the Future program follows an industry roadmap. The roadmap describes current industry needs, identifies potential solutions, and offers guidance for pursuing partnerships.

Industries of the Future Roadmap for the Wisconsin Printing Industry
Published: 2002
This document was funded through Focus on Energy. To help carry out projects that will improve industry competitiveness, the Industries of the Future program follows an industry roadmap. The roadmap describes current industry needs, identifies potential solutions, and offers guidance for pursuing partnerships.

Life-Cycle Energy Requirements and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
Published: 2002 | report number: 210-1
This study performs a life-cycle assessment on a building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) power system and evaluates the net energy payback and greenhouse gas emission rates.

Wisconsin Residential Moisture Monitoring Project: A Field Study
Published: 2002 | report number: 213-1
This is the technical companion report to the case study Moisture in Cold-Climate Wall Systems. This field study examines moisture performance of common residential wall systems.

Energy Savings from the Wisconsin ENERGY STAR® Homes Program
Published: 2002 | report number: 211-1
This report examines differences in energy use between participants in the Wisconsin ENERGY STAR Homes program in 1999 and 2000 and similar non-participants who built new homes during the same period. It is based on utility billing histories and a homeowner survey for approximately 100 program participants and 170 randomly recruited non-participating homeowners.

Roadmap of the Wisconsin Pulp and Paper Industry
Published: 2001 | report number: 322-1
This guide identifies long-term competitive needs in Wisconsin's forest products industry, programs underway to meet those needs, and other industry resources. This guide was an outgrowth of the U.S. Department of Energy's Industries of the Future program for the forest products industry.

Assessment of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Building Applications
Published: 2001 | report number: 207-R
This report describes a computer simulation tool for exploring the design, operation, and control of building-integrated fuel cell systems. The model was used to study optimal operating conditions, cost of electricity, and waste heat utilization and other aspects of using fuel cells to meet all of a building's energy demands.

Demonstration of Airlift Pump and Lignocellulosics in Recirculation Aquaculture Systems
Published: 2001 | report number: 205-1
Discusses the performance of a pilot system that used plant-based filters and airlift pumps (which provides aeration and recirculation in one unit) for aquaculture fish tanks. The system, which was based at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, used nearly 80 percent less energy than a conventional system.

Energy Services Partnership: An evaluation of a coordinated low-income services program
Published: 2001 | report number: 204-1
The Energy Services Partnership was a group of community organizations who coordinated a low-income energy services program in La Crosse County, Wisconsin for five years. This evaluation focuses on a computer system used by the ESP to provide referrals and share application information among participating agencies.

Strategic Assessment of Renewable Energy in Northeastern Wisconsin: An analysis for the Wisconsin Focus on Energy program
Published: 2001 | report number: 206-R
Condensed report estimates to what extent renewable energy could displace the use of fossil fuels in the 23-county Wisconsin Focus on Energy area, based on various carbon tax scenarios. Considers electricity, transportation, and thermal energy.

Investigation Into Zone Pressure Diagnostic Protocols for Low Income Weatherization Crews: Phase I and Phase II Final Report Appendices
Published: 2001 | report number: 208-2
These appendices accompany the main report (publication number 208-1).

Investigation Into Zone Pressure Diagnostic Protocols for Low Income Weatherization Crews
Published: 2001 | report number: 208-1
This report investigates the methods for using Zone Pressure Diagnostics (ZPDs) in identifying and assessing indirect air leakage paths in houses. It also presents detailed results from the tests used to determine their accuracy. ZPDs are an established tool used by low-income weatherization programs. Also see 208-2 (Appendices).

Wisconsin Metalcasting Roadmap
Published: 2000 | report number: 320-1
This guide identifies long-term competitive needs in Wisconsin's metalcasting industry and lists programs underway to meet those needs, as well as other industry resources. The guide was an outgrowth of the U.S. Department of Energy's Industries of the Future program for the metalcasting industry.

Review of State-of-the-Art Fuel Cell Technologies for Distributed Generation
Published: 2000 | report number: 193-2
An in-depth technical and marketing analysis of four types of fuel cell technologies--proton exchange membrane fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells.

Performance Optimization of Industrial Refrigeration Systems
Published: 2000 | report number: 196-1
This UW-Madison graduate student thesis focuses on modeling an ammonia vapor-compression refrigeration system serving a food storage and distribution facility located near Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Marketing the Home Performance Program
Published: 2000 | report number: 197-1
Report assesses ECW-sponsored marketing of the Home Performance program during 1998 and 1999. Home Performance, which is run by the Wisconsin Energy Conservation Corporation, provides home energy ratings and related services to residential customers.

Appliance Sales Tracking: 1999
Published: 2000 | report number: 195-1
Latest in a series of studies that track appliance purchasing patterns in Wisconsin and compares them to previous data. Report tracks purchases of refrigerators, water heaters, air conditioners, forced-air furnaces, clothes washers, lighting, and awareness of the ENERGY STAR® appliance program.

Assessing Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems in Northeast Wisconsin
Published: 2000 | report number: 203-1
Assesses the commercial application of five combined cooling, heating, and power systems--internal combustion engines, gas turbines, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and microturbines--in three counties in northeast Wisconsin. The computer analysis examines hospitals, hotels, office buildings, retail stores, and high schools and considers economics, source energy reduction, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Custom-Designed Membrane Filtration for Water Treatment Plants
Published: 2000 | report number: 200-1
Evaluated the feasibility of retrofitting a custom designed membrane system as a final separation process in a conventional water treatment plant. Discusses pilot tests conducted at a water treatment plant in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

Life-Cycle Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Gas Turbine Power
Published: 2000 | report number: 202-1
Investigates natural gas power plants from an embodied energy perspective and compares them to coal, nuclear, wind, and fusion generation.

Energy and Housing in Wisconsin: A Study of Single-Family Owner-Occupied Homes (Volume 1: Report and Appendices)
Published: 2000 | report number: 199-1
This is the residential characterization study. It examines the energy characteristics and attitudes of single-family, owner-occupied homes in Wisconsin, based on audits and interviews. The results cover energy use and cost, energy saving opportunities, homeowner attitudes and behaviors, comfort, safety, and home energy ratings. Appendices are included. Also see Volume 2: Databook.

Energy and Housing in Wisconsin: A Study of Single-Family Owner-Occupied Homes (Volume 2: Databook)
Published: 2000 | report number: 199-2
This is volume 2 of the residential characterization study. Provides statistics and tabulations of data used in Volume 1 of the report. Includes data that was collected onsite, as well as survey results.

Performance Monitoring of a Sustainable Residence Hall at Northland College
Published: 2000 | report number: 198-1
Report documents the energy performance of a sustainably built residence hall at a Wisconsin college. The residence hall incorporated high efficiency heating, heat recovery ventilation, advanced lighting control, daylighting, wind power, photovoltaic panels, and solar water heating. Also see the process evaluation (report number 198-2).

Northland College's Environmental Living and Learning Center: A Process Evaluation of a Green Building
Published: 2000 | report number: 198-2
Evaluates the process of building the Environmental Living and Learning Center, Northland College's green dormitory completed in 1998. Based on interviews with college staff, consultants, students, and ECW's monitoring study.

Metal Finishers Technical Supplement
Published: 2000 | report number: 319-2
Companion to the Metal Finishers' Guide to Reducing Energy Costs.

Metal Finishers Guide to Reducing Energy Costs
Published: 2000 | report number: 319-1
This easy-to-understand guide will help metalfinishers reduce energy costs through proven, low-risk methods. It provides step-by-step instructions for 13 possible actions that will improve the efficiency of metal finishing operations. (See also Metal Finishers' Technical Supplement.)

Emissions and Economic Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pumps in Wisconsin
Published: 2000 | report number: 201-1
Compares ground source heat pumps and conventional heating and air conditioning systems based on economics and emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, and mercury. The analysis considers both residential and commercial buildings.

See the updated study published in 2009: Ten-year Update: Emissions and Economic Analysis of Geothermal Heat Pumps in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Residential Rental Sector Pilot Study
Published: 1999 | report number: 192-1
Report summarizes research conducted with residential renters and their landlords to characterize the rental market. Information was collected on rental unit, the building, ownership structure, other rental properties owned or managed, and attitudes/barriers toward energy efficiency.

Wisconsin's Low-Income Energy Services in a Changing Environment
Published: 1999 | report number: 183-1
An examination of trends and critical issues affecting low-income energy services.

Recent Trends in Wisconsin Residential Gas Use
Published: 1999 | report number: 190-1
Examines trends in residential gas usage in Wisconsin, focusing on an apparent decline in average gas usage in the late 1990s.

Market Transformation: A Guide for Program Developers
Published: 1999 | report number: 189-1
Discusses the design of market transformation programs and current examples.

Marketing Green Power: Review of Recent Developments
Published: 1999 | report number: 187-1
Examines the status green power around the nation, reviews recent market developments and research, and addresses a number of market research questions. Issues discussed include the characteristics of green power programs and their customers, green technologies, advertising, program certification, and program success.

Cool Daylighting Design Workbook, Volume 1: Office Buildings
Published: 1999
The purpose of this workbook is to facilitate quick economic and performance assessments of simple, yet very effective Cool Daylighting™ design strategies for office buildings. The goal is to empower architects, engineers, building owners, etc., with concise information that suggests how no-cost and low-cost Cool Daylighting™ strategies can be included in all office buildings.

Cool Daylighting Design Workbook, Volume 2: Schools
Published: 1999
The purpose of this workbook is to facilitate quick economic and performance assessments of simple, yet very effective Cool Daylighting™ design strategies for all schools. The goal is to empower architects, engineers, building owners, etc., with concise information that suggests how no-cost and low-cost Cool Daylighting™ strategies can be included in all schools.

Discussion and Critique of Market Transformation
Published: 1999 | report number: 186-1
Review addresses theories, practices, and challenges associated with market transformation programs. Includes detailed discussion by various experts in the field.

Effect of Photovoltaic Array Orientation on Capacity Credit
Published: 1999 | report number: 184-1
Investigates the relationship between the orientation of a photovoltaic array and capacity credit—its ability to meet peak demand. The study also calculates the effects of various PV penetration levels on a utility's peak demand.

Energy Services Companies: A Market Research Study
Published: 1999 | report number: 181-1
Examines energy service companies and factors influencing their growth and evolution.

Exploring Low-Income Program Alternatives: An Evaluation of Six Wisconsin Energy Bureau Pilots
Published: 1999 | report number: 191-1
Report presents the results of an evaluation of six low-income energy services pilot programs funded by the State of Wisconsin and conducted from 1997 to 1999. The evaluation documents program activities and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the pilots with the overall objective of assessing their potential for broader implementation.

Fuel Cells for Distributed Generation: A Technology and Marketing Summary
Published: 1999 | report number: 193-1
An easy-to-read overview that surveys technology and market developments for four types of fuel cells currently being developed-proton exchange membrane fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells.

K-12 Energy Education Program Baseline Study
Published: 1999 | report number: 188-1
Presents findings of a baseline evaluation of the K-12 Energy Education Program (KEEP). The purpose of the project is to 1) establish a benchmark of how energy is currently being taught in Wisconsin schools, and 2) measure students' and parents' knowledge of the four KEEP themes and current attitudes and practices regarding energy consumption.

Affordable New Home Project: Analysis of Construction Costs and Energy Performance
Published: 1999 | report number: 182-1
Evaluation of a prototype energy efficient home affordable to low- to moderate-income residents.

Wind Power Program Participation
Published: 1998 | report number: 179-1
Study examined the nature of the demand for wind power in Madison, Wisconsin and collected information about the characteristics of customers who are willing to pay a premium rate for green power. The study also refined a method to predict actual participation in a voluntary green power program.

Reducing Peak Demand with Energy Management Control Systems
Published: 1998 | report number: 176-1
Reports on a field study of load control measures that were implemented with an energy management control system. The measures included shedding lighting, duty cycling of air conditioning, and shifting load onto a backup generator.

Net Energy Payback and CO2 Emissions from Wind-Generated Electricity in the Midwest
Published: 1998 | report number: 180-1

This report investigates life-cycle energy requirements and carbon dioxide emissions for three wind power plants in the Midwest and compares them to conventional generation sources.

Note: This report was written by S.W. White and G.L. Kulcinski and published by the Fusion Technology Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Public Libraries Project: An Evaluation of a Utility-Library Partnership
Published: 1998 | report number: 170-1
Report evaluates the effectiveness of a partnership formed by Dane County Library Services and Madison Gas & Electric Company that encouraged library patrons to be energy efficient.

Appliance Sales Tracking: 1997
Published: 1998 | report number: 171-1
Part of a series of studies that track appliance purchasing patterns in Wisconsin and compare them to previous data. Report tracks purchases of refrigerators, water heaters, air conditioners, forced-air furnaces, and lighting.

Building Commissioning: Survey of Attitudes and Practices in Wisconsin
Published: 1998 | report number: 172-1
Report documents awareness, activity, and demand for building commissioning in Wisconsin. It also identifies barriers to commissioning and ways to increase its practice.

Heat-Related Death: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies
Published: 1998 | report number: 175-1
Review explores the causes of heat-related death and discusses possible prevention efforts in terms of cost, practicality, and effectiveness.

Wisconsin Geothermal Heat Pump Trade Organization
Published: 1997 | report number: 165-1
Report explores the interest in and practicality of establishing a heat pump organization. The trade group would be designed to help develop the geothermal heat pump industry in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Low-Income Energy Services
Published: 1997 | report number: 167-1
Report describes the programs that help low-income people in Wisconsin meet their needs for energy and housing and establishes a baseline of products, services, and practices. Also assesses the opportunity for integrating energy services with low-income housing programs.

Wisconsin's Forced-Air Furnace Market
Published: 1997 | report number: 154-1
Study obtained sales information from Wisconsin heating, ventilation, and air conditioning distributors to determine current and historical market shares for high-efficiency forced-air furnace sales. The study also suggests reasons for the decline based on qualitative interviews with distributors.

Responsible Power Management: High-Efficiency Motors Program
Published: 1997 | report number: 163-1
Program evaluation assesses the impact of ECW's high-efficiency motors program in terms of its information, tools, and services.

Process Energy Efficiency Improvements in Wisconsin Cheese Plants
Published: 1997 | report number: 153-1
Thesis investigates opportunities to reduce energy and electrical demand at two representative cheese factories. Using computer modeling and thermodynamic analysis, the study explores using low-temperature steam to recover waste heat from a whey evaporator, reusing exhaust waste heat from a whey dryer, and subcooling cheese at night.

Market-Based Utility DSM Programs
Published: 1997 | report number: 162-1
Literature review examines ways utilities can pursue low-cost, participant-paid demand side management programs.

Appliance Sales Tracking: 1995
Published: 1997 | report number: 151-1
Part of a series of studies that track appliance purchasing patterns in Wisconsin and compare them to previous data. Report tracks purchases of refrigerators, water heaters, air conditioners, and forced-air furnaces.

Comprehensive Residential Program Design
Published: 1997 | report number: 160-1
Reports on a study ordered by the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin in 1996 to "determine the best way to implement a cost-effective, comprehensive residential DSM program that is statewide, or at least coordinated among the utilities, with a focus on low-income customers."

Domestic Solar Water Heating in Wisconsin
Published: 1997 | report number: 159-1
Reports on a study ordered by the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin in 1996 to "study the feasiblity of a statewide program to promote the use of solar water heating in Wisconsin and to determine how to run the program cost-effectively."

Forced-Air Furnace and Central Air Conditioner Markets
Published: 1997 | report number: 164-1
Presents the first year's data in a multiyear effort to track furnace and air conditioner sales by gathering information from HVAC contractors. Shows regional market shares of high efficiency equipment in 1996.

Foundry Industry
Published: 1997 | report number: 155-1
Provides background information to develop strategies for improving energy efficiency in foundries. Report gives estimated energy intensities used in melting processes, descriptions of foundry processes and energy consumption, a market profile of the industry, and an extensive resource list.

Green Power in Perspective
Published: 1997 | report number: 168-1
Review examines the issues surrounding the marketing of green energy by drawing from the environmental marketing of consumer goods.

Industrial Process Efficiency Program Design
Published: 1997 | report number: 161-1
Reports on a study ordered by the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin in 1996 to "to determine the best way to implement a cost-effective industrial DSM program that is statewide, or at least coordinated among the utilities, with a focus on saving process energy."

Enhanced Residential Heat Pumps: Wisconsin Case Study Results
Published: 1997 | report number: 166-1
Heat pumps employing a variety of cost-saving innovations were installed and monitored at seven residential sites in Wisconsin. This report presents economic and technical assessments of these case studies. See the appendix for the data summary.

Enhanced Residential Heat Pumps: Long Term Data Summary
Published: 1997 | report number: 166-2
Summarizes the long-term performance of the seven geothermal heat pumps systems described in the main report Enhanced Residential Heat Pumps: Wisconsin Case Study Results.

Daylighting in Wisconsin: A Program Study
Published: 1997 | report number: 158-1
Study developed an approach to a statewide daylighting program (implemented as ECW's Daylighting Collaborative) ordered by the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin in 1996. The Commission order stated that the program should address demonstration projects, training for architects and engineers, design assistance, and education for the general public.

Tracking the Insulation Market for Energy Efficiency Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 149-1
Study establishes a baseline of energy efficiency attitudes and practices among Wisconsin's insulation contractors. Based on interviews with 44 contractors in five areas of Wisconsin.

Tracking the Building Market for Energy Efficiency Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 147-1
Study establishes a baseline of energy efficiency attitudes and practices among Wisconsin's building and remodelling contractors. Based on interviews with 100 contractors in five areas of Wisconsin.

Tracking the HVAC Market for Energy Efficiency Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 143-1
Study establishes a baseline of energy efficiency attitudes and practices among Wisconsin's HVAC contractors. Based on interviews with 95 HVAC contractors in five areas of Wisconsin.

Estimating Wisconsin Residential Space Heating Loads
Published: 1996 | report number: 148-1
This study used a computer model to estimate space-heating loads in Wisconsin homes. Researchers estimated electricity and gas consumption patterns for homes in some Wisconsin utility service territories, showing how factors such as insulation, thermostat settings, house size, and location influence heating loads.

Market Assessment of New Heat Pump Technologies
Published: 1996 | report number: 146-1
This study assesses the market potential for new heat pump technologies in Wisconsin, based on qualitative information collected from utilities, heating and cooling contractors, equipment dealers, manufacturers, and builders. The study reports how a variety of people and organizations view and promote heat pumps.

Needs and Options for Low-Income Energy Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 144-1
Three Wisconsin symposiums explored the needs of low-income utility customers, funding and organizational changes in low-income energy services programs, and future initiatives for low-income energy services. Proceedings document commentary and discussion among representatives from electric and gas utilities, Wisconsin state government, energy-service businesses, consumer advocacy groups, community-action programs, consulting firms, and universities.

April 1996 Proceedings. First of three volumes.

Needs and Options for Low-Income Energy Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 144-3
Three Wisconsin symposiums explored the needs of low-income utility customers, funding and organizational changes in low-income energy services programs, and future initiatives for low-income energy services. Proceedings document commentary and discussion among representatives from electric and gas utilities, Wisconsin state government, energy-service businesses, consumer advocacy groups, community-action programs, consulting firms, and universities.

September 1996 Proceedings. Third of three volumes.

Needs and Options for Low-Income Energy Services
Published: 1996 | report number: 144-2
Three Wisconsin symposiums explored the needs of low-income utility customers, funding and organizational changes in low-income energy services programs, and future initiatives for low-income energy services. Proceedings document commentary and discussion among representatives from electric and gas utilities, Wisconsin state government, energy-service businesses, consumer advocacy groups, community-action programs, consulting firms, and universities.

July 1996 Proceedings. Second of three volumes.

Qualitative Assessment of Public Opinion on Restructuring of the Electric Utility Industry in Wisconsin
Published: 1995 | report number: 142-1
A study of public opinion on electric utility services and restructuring of the electric utility industry in Wisconsin. The study was based on focus group research and involved 156 residential, commercial, and industrial participants from rural areas, small towns, and urban areas.

Market Shapers' Influence on Customer Energy Decisions
Published: 1995 | report number: 141-1
Market shapers are companies that influence how their customers use energy. This report develops a profile of market shapers who are involved with heating and cooling, lighting, and building design in the commercial and residential sectors.

Potential for Reducing Peak Demand with Energy Management Control Systems
Published: 1995 | report number: 137-1
Although some EMCSs in Wisconsin are used to reduce peak electric use, a large untapped potential may exist. In this study, we estimated the size of this potential and examined ways for utilities to use EMCSs in demand-side management programs.

Wisconsin's Statewide Technical and Economic Potential
Published: 1994 | report number: 119-1
Reports on a study to estimate potential savings from energy efficiency measures in Wisconsin over a 20 year period. The results show estimated energy and demand savings for fuel switching, conservation, and load management in the agricultural, commercial, industrial, and residential sectors. Environmental benefits are also considered.

Commercial Cooling and Lighting Load Management: A Scoping Study
Published: 1994 | report number: 126-1
Identifies and evaluates load management strategies and technologies for electric cooling and lighting in six commercial settings: grocery stores, health facilities, offices, retail buildings, schools, and warehouses.

Energy Efficient Motors and Adjustable Speed Drives Markets in Wisconsin
Published: 1994 | report number: 112-1
This report examines the market for energy efficient motors and adjustable speed drives, identifies barriers to promoting these technologies, and makes recommendations for program design.